As outlined in The Engineering Choice’s article “What Is Annealing? – Definition, Process, and Stages”, annealing is a heat treatment process that enhances ductility and reduces hardness in metals, making them easier to form and machine. By heating materials above their recrystallization temperature and cooling them gradually, internal stresses are relieved and new grain structures form, resulting in stronger, more workable metals.

The process occurs in three stages — recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth — improving toughness, machinability, and electrical conductivity. Commonly applied to steel, copper, brass, and aluminum, annealing is crucial for maintaining durability and precision in manufacturing. At 

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